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Examination of Lung Lesions in Parainfluenza-3 Infections in Ruminants with Pathological and Immunohistochemical Methods

Nilay Serap Umut,Zafer Özyıldız,Melike Altıntaş Korkmaz

  •  Year : 2026
  •  Vol : 3
  •  Issue : 1
  •  Page : 22-33
Parainfluenza 3 (PI3) infection is one of the most common viral infections among respiratory system diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. The disease is more frequently observed under poor management conditions, during transportation, and in the presence of concurrent viral and bacterial infections. The most common finding in the disease is characteristic bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Concurrent viral and bacterial infections may exacerbate this condition, leading to fibrinopurulent-necrotic bronchopneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological findings of PI3 infection in ruminants, the release of Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) and Surfactant Protein B (SP-B) in lung tissue during inflammation, their roles and importance in pathogenesis, and their interrelationships. For this purpose, paraffin-embedded lung tissue blocks from 30 ruminants suspected of viral pneumonia and 10 ruminants without lesions were used. The blocks were sectioned at a thickness of 5 micrometers and placed on normal and Poly-L-Lysine slides. The normal slides were stained using the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method. The Poly-L-Lysine slides were subjected to the Avidin-Biotin Complex Peroxidase method. All sections were examined under a light microscope and microphotographs were taken. Histopathologically, the acute destructive phase was observed in most cases (78%), while the chronic proliferative phase was observed in 4 cases (22%). Immunohistochemical methods revealed anti-PI3 positive findings in 15 animals (50%). Additionally, it was determined that MBL release was high in acute cases but decreased in subacute or chronic cases. SP-B release, on the other hand, was higher in subacute and chronic cases compared to acute cases. In conclusion, it was suggested that MBL release might be insufficient for recovery in cases of immunodeficiency or mixed infections, whereas early and accurate treatment could increase the chances of survival through the effects of SP-B.
Conflict of interest : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This article is published under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Repvas
2026, Vol3, Issue1
E-ISSN: 3023-6681
Received : , Accepted : , Published Online :

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Figure 1: A: Enlargements in the interalveolar septal tissue (arrows), H&E, X40, 100 μm. B: Broncho-interstitial pneumonia, thickening in the interalveolar septal tissue (arrows) with bronchiole (B) and alveolar lumens (A) filled with inflammatory ce
Figure 1: A: Enlargements in the interalveolar septal tissue (arrows), H&E, X40, 100 μm. B: Broncho-interstitial pneumonia, thickening in the interalveolar septal tissue (arrows) with bronchiole (B) and alveolar lumens (A) filled with inflammatory ce
Figure 2: A: Anti-PI3 immunopositive reactions within neutrophils (thin arrow), macrophages (thick arrows), and syncytial cell formations (stars) in the alveolar lumens, ABC-P, X400, 20 μm. B: Anti-MBL positive reactions in the cytoplasm of phagocyti
Figure 2: A: Anti-PI3 immunopositive reactions within neutrophils (thin arrow), macrophages (thick arrows), and syncytial cell formations (stars) in the alveolar lumens, ABC-P, X400, 20 μm. B: Anti-MBL positive reactions in the cytoplasm of phagocyti